There is a prevalent misunderstanding among many loan applicants, who believe that multiple credit inquiries during the home loan application process can adversely affect their credit score. However, as clearly stated by the three prominent credit bureaus - Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax, a borrower's score remains unaffected when a mortgage lender inquires about their credit more than once within a fortnight.
So, why doesn't a lender's inquiry impact your score while a credit card application does? The answer lies in the unequal weighting of different types of credit checks. An application for a credit card has a greater impact on your credit score compared to a mortgage loan. Credit card debts tend to escalate over time, thereby posing a greater risk and consequently reducing credit scores. In contrast, a mortgage debt diminishes to zero over time, rendering the credit checks for mortgage loans less influential on the overall credit score.
Soft Inquiries:
These are credit checks performed by individuals or entities other than potential lenders, such as when you verify your own credit score, an employer performs a background check, or a lender pre-approves you for a credit card or loan. This is known as a "soft inquiry". There might be instances where your lender needs to conduct a soft inquiry at the end of your loan transaction, but these are considered on a case-by-case basis. It's worth noting that soft inquiries can be carried out without your explicit consent, are not customer-initiated, and do not affect your credit score.
Hard Inquiries:
A hard inquiry involves a financial institution like a lender or a credit card company reviewing a person's credit history while considering extending a credit offer. This kind of inquiry is more likely when a significant financial decision is being made, such as applying for a mortgage or a credit card. Usually, such inquiries require your authorization, so you should always be cognizant of any hard inquiries on your credit report. Hard inquiries can lower a credit score and may remain on your credit report for up to two years. However, over time, the impact on the credit score diminishes or is completely removed. A hard inquiry is made when applying for:
- A mortgage
- Credit cards
- Auto loans
- Student loans
- Business loans
If you are contemplating buying a home and are still exploring suitable lenders, it is advisable to steer clear of hard inquiries. It is essential to keep your credit score at its peak when you finalize your lender, given that credit inquiries constitute 10% of your score. Ensure your mortgage shopping is done within a 14-day window. If managed correctly, credit bureaus will take into account the initial credit pull and disregard subsequent checks.
Other Frequently Asked Questions about Credit:
Q: Does a low credit score mean I can't get a loan? A: While your score is a determinant in the loan approval process, there are loan options available for almost all credit scores. You may have more loan alternatives than you realize. Each individual's financial circumstances vary, making it crucial to consult with a Mortgage Advisor about your specific needs.
Q: Will my spouse's credit score influence my loan options? A: In situations where both parties' income is required to meet the repayment criteria for a home loan, both credit histories will influence the loan approval and terms. Applying jointly with a partner who has a poor credit history could lead to a higher interest rate. However, if the higher-earning spouse has a good credit score, this could result in a more favorable rate. It's not unusual for couples to refinance once both parties have achieved sufficient credit scores.
Q: How can I rectify an error on my credit report before applying for a home loan? A: Errors can be disputed with the credit reporting agency and the creditor, supported by relevant documentation. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) has provided sample letters and instructions on how to submit a dispute. You can also request confirmation that the error has been removed from the consumer reporting agency. In cases involving identity theft, additional steps will be necessary. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) website provides resources to help tackle identity theft.
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*For queries about your unique financial situation, we suggest consulting a financial advisor.
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